Modulation of Air-Sea Interaction by Geostrophic Turbulence in the Ocean 
(John Marshall, MIT) 
Summary: Water mass transformation in the ocean occurs
over many interacting scales due to convection, geostrophic eddies,
and general circulation.  Formation rates of 18 degree water inferred
from air-sea fluxes at odds with what we know about observed volume
and likely dissipation rates.  It was hypothesized that either
air-sea flux measurements are grossly in error or missing turbulence
or both- and argued that neglect of lateral eddy processes may be the
key.  The Clivar Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE), supported
by NSF, was lauched to study how air-sea interaction is modulated by
synoptic variability.  The field experiment is still ongoing.